There are four main domains that English Learners can struggle with in regard to Mathematics:

• Language

  • Critical issue: most of the content is conveyed through oral language (teachers do most of the talking).
  • To understand Mathematics, students need to be able to read, solve problems, and communicate using technical language in a specialized context.
  • A language objective should also be in place in each lesson along with the content objective.
  • The language of mathematics also involves symbols; which can be different in other languages.

• Metacognitive/Cognitive 

  • Reciprocal teaching is a strategy that can be used to help students solve mathematics problems
    • Clarifying the meaning of words and phrases
    • Questioning to identify the key elements of the problem
    • Summarizing the purpose of the problem
    • Coming up with a plan to solve it (van Garderen, 2004).

• Socio-Cultural

  • Studies have shown that teachers' beliefs and attitudes toward English Learners have a significant impact on the success of ELs in learning mathematics.
    • Identify student needs and backgrounds without relying on stereotypes
    • Do not require students to speak in English at all times
    • Give students the opportunity to work in cooperative groups

• Pedogogical

  • Successful mathematics teacher of English Learners believe that their students can achieve!
  • English learners have an easier time connecting mathematical concepts to their meaning in English through the use of manipulatives.
  • The ability to read English seems critical for success in mathematics for adolescent English Learners.